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//usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/arm/managed-keys.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<sect1 id="rfc5011.support">
  <title>Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</title>
  <para>BIND 9.7.0 introduces support for RFC 5011, dynamic trust
  anchor management. Using this feature allows 
  <command>named</command> to keep track of changes to critical
  DNSSEC keys without any need for the operator to make changes to
  configuration files.</para>
  <sect2>
    <title>Validating Resolver</title>
    
    <para>To configure a validating resolver to use RFC 5011 to
    maintain a trust anchor, configure the trust anchor using a 
    <command>managed-keys</command> statement. Information about
    this can be found in 
    <xref linkend="managed-keys" />.</para>
    
  </sect2>
  <sect2>
    <title>Authoritative Server</title>
    <para>To set up an authoritative zone for RFC 5011 trust anchor
    maintenance, generate two (or more) key signing keys (KSKs) for
    the zone. Sign the zone with one of them; this is the "active"
    KSK. All KSK's which do not sign the zone are "stand-by"
    keys.</para>
    <para>Any validating resolver which is configured to use the
    active KSK as an RFC 5011-managed trust anchor will take note
    of the stand-by KSKs in the zone's DNSKEY RRset, and store them
    for future reference. The resolver will recheck the zone
    periodically, and after 30 days, if the new key is still there,
    then the key will be accepted by the resolver as a valid trust
    anchor for the zone. Any time after this 30-day acceptance
    timer has completed, the active KSK can be revoked, and the
    zone can be "rolled over" to the newly accepted key.</para>
    <para>The easiest way to place a stand-by key in a zone is to
    use the "smart signing" features of 
    <command>dnssec-keygen</command> and 
    <command>dnssec-signzone</command>. If a key with a publication
    date in the past, but an activation date which is unset or in
    the future, " 
    <command>dnssec-signzone -S</command>" will include the DNSKEY
    record in the zone, but will not sign with it:</para>
    <screen>
$ <userinput>dnssec-keygen -K keys -f KSK -P now -A now+2y example.net</userinput>
$ <userinput>dnssec-signzone -S -K keys example.net</userinput>
</screen>
    <para>To revoke a key, the new command 
    <command>dnssec-revoke</command> has been added. This adds the
    REVOKED bit to the key flags and re-generates the 
    <filename>K*.key</filename> and 
    <filename>K*.private</filename> files.</para>
    <para>After revoking the active key, the zone must be signed
    with both the revoked KSK and the new active KSK. (Smart
    signing takes care of this automatically.)</para>
    <para>Once a key has been revoked and used to sign the DNSKEY
    RRset in which it appears, that key will never again be
    accepted as a valid trust anchor by the resolver. However,
    validation can proceed using the new active key (which had been
    accepted by the resolver when it was a stand-by key).</para>
    <para>See RFC 5011 for more details on key rollover
    scenarios.</para>
    <para>When a key has been revoked, its key ID changes,
    increasing by 128, and wrapping around at 65535. So, for
    example, the key "<filename>Kexample.com.+005+10000</filename>" becomes
    "<filename>Kexample.com.+005+10128</filename>".</para>
    <para>If two keys have ID's exactly 128 apart, and one is
    revoked, then the two key ID's will collide, causing several
    problems. To prevent this, 
    <command>dnssec-keygen</command> will not generate a new key if
    another key is present which may collide. This checking will
    only occur if the new keys are written to the same directory
    which holds all other keys in use for that zone.</para>
    <para>Older versions of BIND 9 did not have this precaution.
    Exercise caution if using key revocation on keys that were
    generated by previous releases, or if using keys stored in
    multiple directories or on multiple machines.</para>
    <para>It is expected that a future release of BIND 9 will
    address this problem in a different way, by storing revoked
    keys with their original unrevoked key ID's.</para>
  </sect2>
</sect1>